Investors eye Fed meeting for signs of ‘permanent’ inflation

Coming policy talks might shed light on state of U.S. market, which is ‘due for some volatility,’ investor says

Investors will be zeroing in on the U.S. Federal Reserve’s monetary policy meeting this coming week as a “Goldilocks” market environment that has helped lift stocks to record highs and tamed a bond sell-off is tested by rising inflation.

Stocks have climbed steadily in recent weeks and now stand at fresh records, extending a rally that has seen the S&P 500 gain 13 per cent this year and nearly 90 per cent from its March, 2020, low. U.S. government bonds have also rallied after their first-quarter sell-off, with the benchmark 10-year Treasury yield, which moves inversely to prices, recently at 1.46 per cent, about 30 basis points below its first quarter highs.

Some of those gains have been predicated on the Fed’s assurances that rising inflation will not last long enough to warrant a sooner-than-expected end to easy-money policies. Signals that the Fed is growing less confident in those assumptions could unsettle stocks, which have benefited from quantitative easing, and hurt bonds, as rising prices erode the value of longer-dated debt.

Investors “are going to be looking for signs that the Fed might believe that inflation is more permanent,” said Michael Arone, chief investment strategist for State Street Global Advisors.

The Fed has maintained that it has the tools to deal with accelerating inflation. The central bank may open discussion at the Tuesday-Wednesday meeting about when to begin unwinding its US$120-billion a month purchases of government bonds, although most analysts don’t expect a decision before the Fed’s annual Jackson Hole, Wyo., conference in August.

For now, it appears some investors are coming around to the Fed’s way of thinking on inflation. Stocks on Thursday brushed off data showing consumer prices rose in May at their fastest annual pace in 13 years, as the S&P 500 hit a new record. By contrast, a much higher-than-expected inflation number last month caused a selloff in stocks.

Strong inflation numbers aside, recent data have offered snapshots of an economy that is strengthening but does not appear to be close to overheating. Employment, for instance, remains about 7.6 million jobs below its February, 2020, peak, while the latest monthly report fell short of economists estimates.

“We are making progress, but the economy is not completely on fire and a runaway train where the Fed has to take action,” said Chris Galipeau, senior market strategist at Putnam Investments. “That puts us in the ‘Goldilocks’ scenario.”

Still, others worry that markets have grown too complacent on inflation and other risks that could derail the current rally, from potential higher taxes to peaking economic growth rates.

Analysts at BofA Global Research on Friday outlined a number of reasons that inflation may be more sustained than many expect, including second-tier indicators such as the National Federation of Independent Businesses survey of small businesses showing price pressures are filtering to customers.

“The list of excuses for transitory inflation is getting long. The risk of higher, more persistent inflation is growing,” BofA’s analysts wrote.

More broadly, bullish sentiment among individual investors has been above its historical average of 38 per cent for 25 of the past 30 weeks, according to the American Association of Individual Investors. Bearish sentiment, meanwhile, is below its historical average of 30.5 per cent for the 18th consecutive week.

“At current levels, pessimism remains unusually low,” the AAII said on its website. “Historically, below-average readings for bearish sentiment have been followed by below-average six- and 12month returns for the S&P 500 index.”

Bulls can point to plenty of reasons for stocks to remain strong. Most investors believe the Fed will only start tapering its bond purchases in late 2021 or early next year. Bets in the euro-dollar futures markets show investors expect the Fed will start hiking its benchmark rate in late 2022.

Rising estimates for corporate profit growth are also supporting stocks. S&P 500 earnings are now expected to jump 36 per cent this year, compared to an April estimate of 26-per-cent growth, with earnings expected to rise another roughly 12 per cent in 2022, according to Refinitiv IBES.

That has not stopped some of the world’s biggest banks, including Morgan Stanley, from warning in recent months that the market is primed for a sharp pullback.

Matthew Miskin, co-chief investment strategist at John Hancock Investment Management, still favours stocks over bonds, with a preference for the health care, industrials, technology and communication services sectors.

“We are due for some volatility and we have been saying that, and yet dips have been met with very strong demand,” he said.